Friday, August 10, 2007

Plastic Bags - Expensive, Wasteful & Unnecessary Mess

THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO PLASTIC BAGS

http://prorev.com/2007/08/complete-guide-to-plastic-bags.htm

KATHARINE MIESZKOWSKI, SALON - The plastic bag is an icon of convenience culture, by some estimates the single most ubiquitous consumer item on Earth, numbering in the trillions. They're made from petroleum or natural gas with all the attendant environmental impacts of harvesting fossil fuels. One recent study found that the inks and colorants used on some bags contain lead, a toxin. Every year, Americans throw away some 100 billion plastic bags after they've been used to transport a prescription home from the drugstore or a quart of milk from the grocery store. It's equivalent to dumping nearly 12 million barrels of oil.
 
Only 1 percent of plastic bags are recycled worldwide -- about 2 percent in the U.S. -- and the rest, when discarded, can persist for centuries. . .
 
Once aloft, stray bags cartwheel down city streets, alight in trees, billow from fences like flags, clog storm drains, wash into rivers and bays and even end up in the ocean, washed out to sea. Bits of plastic bags have been found in the nests of albatrosses in the remote Midway Islands. Floating bags can look all too much like tasty jellyfish to hungry marine critters. According to the Blue Ocean Society for Marine Conservation, more than a million birds and 100,000 marine mammals and sea turtles die every year from eating or getting entangled in plastic. The conservation group estimates that 50 percent of all marine litter is some form of plastic.
 
There are 46,000 pieces of plastic litter floating in every square mile of ocean, according to the United Nations Environment Program. In the Northern Pacific Gyre, a great vortex of ocean currents, there's now a swirling mass of plastic trash about 1,000 miles off the coast of California, which spans an area that's twice the size of Texas, including fragments of plastic bags. There's six times as much plastic as biomass, including plankton and jellyfish, in the gyre. . .
 
Following the lead of countries like Ireland, Bangladesh, South Africa, Thailand and Taiwan, some U.S. cities are striking back against what they see as an expensive, wasteful and unnecessary mess. This year, San Francisco and Oakland outlawed the use of plastic bags in large grocery stores and pharmacies, permitting only paper bags with at least 40 percent recycled content or otherwise compostable bags. The bans have not taken effect yet, but already the city of Oakland is being sued by an association of plastic bag manufacturers calling itself the Coalition to Support Plastic Bag Recycling. Meanwhile, other communities across the country, including Santa Monica, Calif., New Haven, Conn., Annapolis, Md., and Portland, Ore., are considering taking drastic legislative action against the bags.

In Ireland, a now 22-cent tax on plastic bags has slashed their use by more than 90 percent since 2002.

In flood-prone Bangladesh, where plastic bags choked drainage systems, the bags have been banned since 2002.

Labels: Plastic Bags, Toxins, Ocean, Litter, Ban Plastic Bags, Wasteful, Unnecessary, Mess
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The Dirty Dozen: 12 Products You Should Avoid

Avoid: Plastic food containers with Bisphenol-A (BPA)

You'll recognize these polycarbonate bottles and containers by their #7 recycling codes. Health concerns have dogged BPA for years. If you really must use plastic, choose BPA-free varieties (such as those marked with #2, #4, and #5 codes).
+++



The Dirty Dozen: 12 Products You Should Avoid

Dirty Dozen

By Chris Baskind
Thursday, 09 August 2007

So you've decided to take the plunge -- to embrace lighter living, start greening your life, and do something to help the the environment. But where to begin?

With moderating your consumption. You can dramatically reduce the size of your footstep on the planet just by making smarter choices in the things you buy and the amount your household uses. It's not something you have to do all at once: just commit to steady, incremental change. Small steps become big journeys over time.

Our article, Ten First Steps Toward Lighter Living, is a good place to get grounded. If you're ready to tak

e on taming your shopping cart, we've put together a list we call the Dirty Dozen. These are twelve unhealthy or resource-intensive products you should consider reducing or eliminating from your life entirely. Once you've tackled these, you'll probably think of others -- and you'll be well on your way to a lighter, more sustainable lifestyle.

Styrofoam

Polystyrene foam is actually quite recyclable, but most of it ends up in landfills or scattered around environment. Being made of petroleum, styrofoam is a non-renewable resource -- and it's not biodegradable. Carry your own reusable coffee mugs, skip the fast food, and use glass and metal storage containers whenever possible.

Plastic food containers with Bisphenol-A (BPA)

You'll recognize these polycarbonate bottles and containers by their #7 recycling codes. Health concerns have dogged BPA for years. If you really must use plastic, choose BPA-free varieties (such as those marked with #2, #4, and #5 codes). And be sure to recycle them when you're done.

Tropical hardwoods

Teak and Mahogany are beautiful, long-lasting woods. But worldwide demand has driven their irresponsible harvesting from old-growth forests, destroying wildlife and biodiversity in some of the world's most critical natural habitats. Don't know where the wood in that magnificent dining table was sourced? Leave it at the store, and look for goods manufactured through certified forestry programs.

Aluminum in cosmetics

Almost all commercial antiperspirants contain aluminum chlorohdrate or aluminum zirconium. Both are easily absorbed through the skin. While no definitive studies link them to cancer, some researchers remain concerned about their long term use -- particularly by women. We already get plenty of aluminum in our diet, thanks to anti-caking agents in processed foods. Fortunately, there are a wide variety of alternatives to conventional antiperspirants.

Incandescent bulbs

With relatively inexpensive CFL lightbulbs available everywhere you turn, it makes no sense to buy old-style bulbs for most applications. CFLs don't radiate light quite the same way as conventiona

l bulbs, so take some time to find out how to live with them. And since CFLs contain a small amount of mercury, be sure to dispose of them properly.

Helping handsPetroleum-based fabric sheets and laundry detergent

Sure, fabric sheets smell great. They're engineered that way -- with powerful chemicals. Like most laundry detergents, they're derived from non-renewable petroleum products. Switch to vegetable-based laundry soaps and seek out less potent alternatives to commercial dryer sheets.

Overpackaged goods

Ask any marketer: the store shelf is a retail battleground. Often, the first casualty is common sense when it comes to packaging. Unusual plastic bubble wraps; huge boxes for small products -- competition for your attention sometimes results in a wasteful mess. Rather than contributing to our already overcrowded landfills, vote for more responsible packaging with your feet. Buy something else, and let companies which overpackage their wares know why you're not a customer.

Paper towels and napkins

No, you needn't give up your toilet paper, as our friend Colin Beavan -- No-Impact Man -- and his family chose to do. Paper is a renewable resource, if properly managed. But let's face it: we squander more paper than we should. That means wasted trees and all the resources which went into farming them. And that, in turn, means more monoculture pulpwood forests, soil erosion, and chemicals used to keep tree-damaging pests away. There are some messes best cleaned up with paper, but couldn't you use more kitchen cloths and napkins? It takes a little planning, but makes a big difference. If you're interested in more environmentally friendly paper products, check out Colin's list at the No Impact Man site.

Plastic utensils

Like paper products, plastic utensils rate high on the waste scale. While some are marked for recycling, most convenient disposable cutlery gets used once and thrown away. Plastic is forever once it's in the environment, and the petroleum used to make it is increasingly precious. Consider some alternative strategies: portable metal mess kits for picnics, or simply washing plastic goods and using them again.

Disposable batteries

There are about 15 billion batteries manufactured each year. Most are alkaline batteries, discarded after a single duty cycle. Once sent to a landfill, they break down and begin leeching chemicals into the groundwater. Convenient, yes -- but so are rechargables. With all the electronic devices in our lives these days, it makes environmental (and financial) sense to switch to rechargeable Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) and Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) batteries. They're less toxic and save you money. But do your homework: not all batteries and chargers are appropriate for a given job. Check out GreenBatteries.com for helpful background information.

Commercial insecticides

If it's not good for bugs, it's probably not good for your family or your pets. In-home pesticide use has been linked to everything from lung disorders to Parkinson's Disease. Household insects are a destructive nuisance, and outdoor pests can become a public health issue. But there are less- and non-toxic ways of controlling bugs, from borax (a poison) to essential oils, select plants, and ways to make common insects feel less welcome in your cupboard. Get some tips from Organic Pest Control, or this Lighter Footstep article on taking the sting out of mosquitoes without pesticides.

Household cleaners

Your cleaner cabinet is filled with some of the most powerful toxins on the consumer market. Check the warning labels and lists of unpronounceable compounds: it's amazing some of these things are even sold at all. But old tried-and-true, natural cleaners will often do the trick without exposing your family to exotic chemical fumes and residues. Baking soda, vinegar, and salt are the backbone of a cleaner-and-greener home. Take those commercial cleaners to a hazardous disposal facility and start cleaning the natural way. It'll even save you money.

What could you add to this list? Please leave a comment or start a new topic in the Lighter Footstep Forums. And here's to your success on the road to low-impact living.






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Welcome To The New Trail Of Hope - Beautiful Scuptures In The Commons Of Life

A San Francisco Park
A Commons Of Wonder
A Commons Of Beauty

under it was written, "Let there be Light."
"There was darkness here," "Evil.
It needed light."

"These are not mine,"
"Whatever this creative ability it is that has been given to me, it is not mine to claim for myself, but to use for the good of all."

All the wood for the carvings comes from the park itself

I met a woman taking a stroll just for the pleasure of being there. She lived nearby, she told me. She loved the park. Everyone does, she said.

having an entirely relaxed conversation with a young woman I’d never met before was a reflection of the gardener’s work and its atmosphere suffusing the little park.

a commons

the importance of having commons in a community and whose efforts are responsible for a lovely community

"we’re always trying to help the artists to realize their work. It fulfills another function."

notice that some
include text, like the carved overhead gate "Welcome to the New Trail of Hope."

a carving of a woman, her hands gripping a ship’s wheel with the following words painted on it, "Energy is the Capacity of Doing Work. Work is the Tendency of Moving Body. Keep on Moving for Good Health."

"I don’t care if people take them,"
"I can always make more."
"Whoever takes a piece might need that piece."

+++

This is from the article below. The article is from Work & Conversations

Conversations.org is a collection of in-depth interviews with with artists from all walks of life. Our print magazine, works & conversations, is run on a gift-economy basis. Learn more ...

"All I have produced before the age of seventy is not worth taking into account. At seventy-three I have learned a little about the real structure of nature, of animals, plants, trees, birds, fishes and insects. In consequence when I am eighty, I shall have made still more progress. At ninety I shall penetrate the mystery of things; at one hundred I shall certainly have reached a marvelous stage; and when I am a hundred and ten, everything I do, be it a dot or a line, will be alive." -- Hokusai


Demetrio Braceros

New Trail of Hope

http://www.conversations.org/story.php?sid=106s

A few casual remarks first brought the little city park to my attention. I’d meant to check it out, but now several weeks had passed and I still hadn’t made the trip over to San Francisco. There’d been something about a little Asian man. This amazing place. Was it on Cayuga Street?

The park is on Cayuga Street, right at the end, a few blocks from Geneva and up against the concrete wall of Highway 280. BART trains run overhead along the north side of the park, each train contributing an earsplitting metallic whine of steel on steel to this enchanted little place. It is small, two, maybe three acres including the senior center and tennis courts attached. The day I found it, after poring over a city map with a magnifying glass, the sky was overcast. My first glimpse into the park revealed a crowd of wooden sculptures integrated into the landscaping. Making my way into the park, I was shocked to see so many pieces of art. It was a city park, after all. At least I thought so. But looking around, I found this hard to believe. Sure, one sees a piece or two of public art here and there, but nothing like this. And official public art always reveals its provenance by a sure sign: its life has been removed via bureaucratectomy. But the life in this work was palpable. Unmistakably, it was outsider art. It appeared to have arrived entirely intact and unprocessed by anything other than a singular poetic sensibility. It was shocking. And what was an entire symphony of outsider art doing in a city park? This was puzzling. I looked around for someone who might fit the vague description I’d heard several weeks earlier of "a little Asian man," but no such figure was to be found.

However, since I’d brought my camera I decided to make a leisurely photo tour of the garden. Quickly, I laid out a mental grid, the better to wander freely, and was satisfied that no piece of art would escape my notice. (A later visit revealed pieces I’d missed.) I took my time happily studying one delight after another and just before I left, out of curiosity, I did a quick count: not including the gardener’s handmade fences and other constructions, there were about one hundred individual carvings placed throughout the grounds.

My second visit was almost an accident. I was with my wife. We were returning from a family outing near Half Moon Bay. On a whim, I’d decided to take 280 north instead of crossing the bay at the San Mateo Bridge. An obligation on my wife’s part hadn’t left us much time to spare. "The garden is right over there," I mentioned as we were sailing by on 280. "Let’s go see it," my wife said, to my surprise. So we pulled off the freeway. This time I looked again for the artist. Sweeping leaves over in the corner of a patio I spotted a short man, head down, pushing a broom—a janitor, one might guess. Without already having a clue, it would never have occurred to me to walk over and ask, as I did, gesturing with a sweep of my hand: "Are you the man responsible for making all this art?"

He glanced up at me and then looked down again. Suddenly I felt rude. "Yes," he admitted with a laugh tinged with something like apology. I introduced him to my wife. "Well, it’s really wonderful!" I said with, perhaps, a little too much ooomph. Our conversation was brief. Time was short. The moment, compressed, was itself a small drama of unspoken and unresolved, but touched upon, potentialities: strangers face to face. What is it that you’re doing here so much from your heart? What I remember is this, his reading the situation and summarizing: "I wanted to inspire the kids."

I would return. I wanted to publish something. I wanted his photo. I wanted to find out if he would be okay with being published, and I wanted to learn more about the whole story. But I’d never met an artist who conveyed less interest in gaining attention for himself. I wondered if he’d allow me take his photo. I wondered what I’d do if he asked me not to publish anything. I’ll do it anyway, I thought. It was a public park, after all. At least I’d learned that much, even though I still didn’t know the gardener’s name.

About a week later, one evening I called a friend, "Carlo, there’s something I think you’d enjoy. Are you free tomorrow morning?" He was. I picked him up at 10 am and we headed across the bay to San Francisco. It was another overcast day; the soft light would be perfect for a few more photos. Arriving, I spotted the gardener right away; he was hand-watering a row of hydrangeas. Carlo and I walked up and introduced ourselves. I hastily explained myself. I don’t know if he remembered me, but it didn’t matter. He seemed happy to talk and I noticed he was looking considerably nattier, wearing an argyle sweater and button down shirt. When I asked if I could take his photograph, he took a moment to straighten his collar. It was going to work out.

I’d asked Carlo to come along with me on a sudden impulse, but thinking about it later, I realized he was the perfect choice. No one I knew could more genuinely have appreciated this unusual man. As the three of us talked, at a certain point, I realized the atmosphere had been undergoing a slow but continuous process of brightening—even as Carlo and I craned our ears trying to decipher Demetrio’s responses to our questions. We were probably getting less than half the words, but something else was going on, too. I had no doubt the gardener felt it, also.

Somewhere in the middle of all this, I finally remembered something: "What’s your name?" I asked, and I took out the pen and paper I’d brought for just this purpose. "Do you mind writing that down?" I asked. Very carefully, he wrote it out in a fine, ornate hand: Demetrio O. Braceros. Yes. That was it. Smiles all around.

Demetrio was born in the Philippines. He had taught industrial arts there. He’d come to the Bay Area in 1977, I think. He’d worked at the Arboretum in Golden Gate Park for three years. I didn’t get the details about how he was given responsibility for the undeveloped parcel of land on Cayuga Street, but it happened in 1986, twenty years ago. At that time the place was just a raw stand of weeds and unkempt trees. In the neighborhood, he told us, "there were prostitutes, drug dealers and crime. People got killed up there," Demetrio told us, pointing to houses along the southern edge of the park. It was bad.

"I thought to myself, how can I help this place?" he told us. Speaking to Carlo, he tried to explain himself by quoting a biblical reference, "Let there be Light." It was hard to make out the words. Demetrio took Carlo by the arm and we all walked over to another one of his sculptures, a bust which might have been the head of Jesus. It was hard to say, but under it was written, "Let there be Light." Demetrio pointed to it. "There was darkness here," he said. "Evil. It needed light."

"These are not mine," he said, speaking of all the pieces of sculpture he’d made. Across the language barrier I made out something like this: "Whatever this creative ability it is that has been given to me, it is not mine to claim for myself, but to use for the good of all." All that he did, he told us, was for someone else: his employer, "the taxpayers," he said, pointing to us. It went beyond that, I knew. The explanation was another piece of shorthand. Braceros, as best I could understand, landscaped the entire site, choosing the plants and getting them planted, and he’s maintained it ever since. But that was only the beginning of his work, the part he was being paid to do. There was another part, the part he felt called to do for other reasons. All the wood for his carvings comes from the park itself, he told us. The first large piece came from a big Monterey Cypress that had blown over. "Here it is, over here," he said, leading us to an impressive carved figure that, somehow, I’d missed before. It was tucked into a half circle of large bushes. He explained that the piece showed a man reading "The Book of Knowledge." As he searched for words to explain his idea more fully, I remembered what he’d said when my wife and I had met him earlier: "I wanted to inspire the kids." This piece was about the importance of learning, of getting an education.

On that first day when I’d visited the park, halfway through my second roll of film, I met a woman taking a stroll just for the pleasure of being there. She lived nearby, she told me. She loved the park. Everyone does, she said. As I stood there talking with her, it struck me that having an entirely relaxed conversation with a young woman I’d never met before was a reflection of the gardener’s work and its atmosphere suffusing the little park. Its grounds, it occurred to me later, are a commons, and the thought brought up a number of poignant associations. I thought of Karl Linn who devoted a good part of his life to educating people about the importance of having commons in a community and whose efforts are responsible for a lovely community garden in Berkeley. I had met Linn and interviewed him in that garden a few years before he died. [The interview is on the Web site.] Linn was not a visual artist himself, but artists frequently came to him and wanted to participate. He told me he had learned something from them. "Now," he said, "we’re always trying to help the artists to realize their work. It fulfills another function." That’s how he put it. It fulfills another function.

Walking through Cayuga Park, one will notice that some of Braceros’ pieces include text, like the carved overhead gate "Welcome to the New Trail of Hope." I stopped before a carving of a woman, her hands gripping a ship’s wheel with the following words painted on it, "Energy is the Capacity of Doing Work. Work is the Tendency of Moving Body. Keep on Moving for Good Health."

One piece that Carlo and I were both looking at was of a man seemingly holding his hands over his ears. "Is that about the noise of BART trains coming by?" I asked. Demetrio laughed. "Look here," he said pointing to the head. "Look closer." There was something at the back of the head. Carlo and I bent closer. "Is that a crab?" Carlo asked. Demetrio smiled. If I’d had more presence of mind, or if the language problem wasn’t so daunting, I would have asked if the crab was a metaphor symbolizing some problematic condition nagging at people in the backs of their minds. Who knows? I didn’t ask that question, but a couple of fragments of things Demetrio said led me away from a tendency I’m familiar with, of seeing work of such transparency and feeling as being quaint, sentimental. What do we really understand about this realm of feelings? But to dismiss this work as quaint, sentimental, "merely"outsider art, would certainly be an ontological mistake. I have no trouble accepting the proposition that the work of Demetrio Braceros is responsible for the actual transformation of a city neighborhood.

We spent maybe forty-five minutes with Demetrio. At certain points he laughed and reached out to grab Carlo or me by the arm, to make a point. Somewhere in the oddly rewarding ambiguity of our struggle to converse together, it seemed to pop out that Demetrio's pieces of art don’t get stolen. I wasn’t sure that was what was said, but it suddenly occurred to me that, of course, many of these pieces could easily be carried off. "So people don’t steal the sculptures?" I asked.

Demetrio pointed to a couple of sticks in the ground. They must have served to hold up a now missing carving. "That one was taken," he said. He was laughing. Carlo looked slightly disturbed, as I recall. Carlo had a question about that and pointed, I don’t know why, to the carving of the man with a crab on his head. "Do you want it?" Demetrio asked brightly. "No. No," Carlo said, laughing. "It belongs to the park!" If Carlo hadn’t refused the piece, I’m convinced that Demetrio would have picked it up right there and handed it to him.

"I don’t care if people take them," he said. "I can always make more." I’m pretty sure this is what he said, and further, I have the distinct impression that he also had this thought, which he wasn’t quite able to put into words: "Whoever takes a piece might need that piece." Listening to all this, I confess I had to struggle with a greedy streak that the gardener’s generosity ignited, but I managed to keep my mouth shut. "Can you take us around and talk about each piece?" Carlo asked Demetrio. Demetrio looked at me. He had work to do. He couldn’t spend all day with us. "No Carlo," I said. "We have to go now." Demetrio looked at Carlo with a mischievous grin, "Next time we can stand hip to hip [he made a little gesture] and talk about each one."

I did not call the San Francisco Department of Parks and Recreation to congratulate them on having, and keeping, in their ranks this exemplary figure, but it does astound me. That for twenty years, Demetrio Braceros has pulled down a paycheck for doing far more than anyone could imagine in carrying out the duties of his job is an example, either of an enlightened policy, or of some enlightened management inside the system, or both. Or maybe it’s just an extraordinary accident. But Braceros told us that he had received a special award from the Parks and Recreations Department. The fact that Cayuga Park stands as a veritable beacon of light is something for which I think we also owe the San Francisco Department of Parks and Recreation a debt of earnest gratitude. How can anyone who learns even the outline of this story not feel the opening to a new trail of hope?

--by Richard Whittaker; Apr 2, 2007

===

Labels: Parks, Commons, Sculptures, Hope, Trails, Beauty


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Thursday, August 9, 2007

THE SHIFT Movie

THE SHIFT Movie

http://theshiftmovie.com/index2.html


About:

A massive worldwide phenomenon is in progress, offering seeds of great hope for the future.

Millions of individuals, organizations and corporations around the world are waking up and embracing a new outlook with an emphasis on their responsibility to contribute positively to our collective future.

We are in the middle of the biggest social transformation in human history, The SHIFT.

At this critical point, it is imperative we make the masses aware of this global movement quickly. This evolutionary phenomenon is broader and deeper than the most visible SHIFT, the environmental movement. It involves our very understanding of who we are as human beings, and our responsibility to the world and to life itself.

THE SHIFT movie raises awareness to the story of our roles in an evolutionary shift in our collective consciousness.

As it chronicles the faces, the stories and leaders assisting in this social transformation, the film reveals its emergence & me



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Wednesday, August 8, 2007

[BWN] Hiroshima Peace Declaration 2007: A Nuclear Weapon-Free World

a beam of light now shining the way for the human family.
 preventing a third use of nuclear weapons.

global democracy

problems can actually be solved through the power of the people.

prohibiting attacks on non-combatants and the use of inhumane weapons.

make the United Nations an instrument for the resolution of international disputes.
the light of human wisdom
to lift international politics.

Mayors for Peace, with 1,698 city members around the world, is actively campaigning to eliminate all nuclear weapons by 2020.

establishment of Hiroshima-Nagasaki Peace Study Courses in universities around the world.
American mayors have taken the lead in our Cities Are Not Targets project.

World Congress of United Cities and Local Governments
represents the majority of our planet’s population, cities will express the will of humanity
 for the elimination of nuclear weapons.

The government of Japan
fulfill its  ... obligation ... for nuclear weapons abolition,

take pride in and protect, as is, the Peace Constitution, while clearly saying “No,” to obsolete and mistaken U.S. policies.

nuclear weapons abolition.
take all actions required to bequeath to future generations a nuclear-weapon-free world.
+++

Hiroshima Peace Declaration 2007: Aim for a Nuclear Weapon-Free World

by Mainichi Daily News staffwriters

Hiroshima Mayor Tadatoshi Akiba gave the city’s 2007 Peace Declaration early Monday morning, the 62nd anniversary of the world’s first nuclear attack. An English translation of Akiba’s declaration is reproduced in full below:

That fateful summer, 8:15. The roar of a B-29 breaks the morning calm. A parachute opens in the blue sky. Then suddenly, a flash, an enormous blast — silence — hell on Earth. 0806 07

The eyes of young girls watching the parachute were melted. Their faces became giant charred blisters. The skin of people seeking help dangled from their fingernails. Their hair stood on end. Their clothes were ripped to shreds. People trapped in houses toppled by the blast were burned alive. Others died when their eyeballs and internal organs burst from their bodies — Hiroshima was a hell where those who somehow survived envied the dead.

Within the year, 140,000 had died. Many who escaped death initially are still suffering from leukemia, thyroid cancer, and a vast array of other afflictions.

But there was more. Sneered at for their keloid scars, discriminated against in employment and marriage, unable to find understanding for profound emotional wounds, survivors suffered and struggled day after day, questioning the meaning of life.

And yet, the message born of that agony is a beam of light now shining the way for the human family. To ensure that “no one else ever suffers as we did,” the hibakusha have continuously spoken of experiences they would rather forget, and we must never forget their accomplishments in preventing a third use of nuclear weapons.

Despite their best efforts, vast arsenals of nuclear weapons remain in high states of readiness — deployed or easily available. Proliferation is gaining momentum, and the human family still faces the peril of extinction. This is because a handful of old-fashioned leaders, clinging to an early 20th century worldview in thrall to the rule of brute strength, are rejecting global democracy, turning their backs on the reality of the atomic bombings and the message of the hibakusha.

However, here in the 21st century the time has come when these problems can actually be solved through the power of the people. Former colonies have become independent. Democratic governments have taken root. Learning the lessons of history, people have created international rules prohibiting attacks on non-combatants and the use of inhumane weapons. They have worked hard to make the United Nations an instrument for the resolution of international disputes. And now city governments, entities that have always walked with and shared in the tragedy and pain of their citizens, are rising up. In the light of human wisdom, they are leveraging the voices of their citizens to lift international politics.

Because “Cities suffer most from war,” Mayors for Peace, with 1,698 city members around the world, is actively campaigning to eliminate all nuclear weapons by 2020.

0806 06 1In Hiroshima, we are continuing our effort to communicate the A-bomb experience by holding A-bomb exhibitions in 101 cities in the US and facilitating establishment of Hiroshima-Nagasaki Peace Study Courses in universities around the world. American mayors have taken the lead in our Cities Are Not Targets project. Mayors in the Czech Republic are opposing the deployment of a missile defense system. The mayor of Guernica-Lumo is calling for a resurgence of morality in international politics. The mayor of Ypres is providing an international secretariat for Mayors for Peace, while other Belgian mayors are contributing funds, and many more mayors around the world are working with their citizens on pioneering initiatives. In October this year, at the World Congress of United Cities and Local Governments, which represents the majority of our planet’s population, cities will express the will of humanity as we call for the elimination of nuclear weapons.

The government of Japan, the world’s only A-bombed nation, is duty-bound to humbly learn the philosophy of the hibakusha along with the facts of the atomic bombings and to spread this knowledge through the world. At the same time, to abide by international law and fulfill its good-faith obligation to press for nuclear weapons abolition, the Japanese government should take pride in and protect, as is, the Peace Constitution, while clearly saying “No,” to obsolete and mistaken U.S. policies. We further demand, on behalf of the hibakusha whose average age now exceeds 74, improved and appropriate assistance, to be extended also to those living overseas or exposed in “black rain areas.”

Sixty-two years after the atomic bombing, we offer today our heartfelt prayers for the peaceful repose of all its victims and of Iccho Itoh, the mayor of Nagasaki shot down on his way toward nuclear weapons abolition. Let us pledge here and now to take all actions required to bequeath to future generations a nuclear-weapon-free world.



--   

[BWN] HAMAS GETS GAZA'S ACT TOGETHER

UNDERNEWS

LATEST HEADLINES & INDEX: http://prorev.com


HAMAS GETS GAZA'S ACT TOGETHER

ANDREW LEE BUTTERS, TIME - The rule of law has returned to Gaza. Just two months ago, this beachfront slice of sand dunes and concrete jungles, home to about 1.5 million Palestinians, was one of the most dangerous places on earth. In June, after a few days of internecine warfare, Hamas, the Palestinian militant group, took control of Gaza from its rival, Fatah. Since then, Gaza has been under siege. Almost all shipments except for basic humanitarian supplies are barred from entering, and almost nothing comes out. The blockade is part of an Israeli and American strategy to isolate Hamas in the hope that Palestinians will turn away from its Islamist leaders, who have never recognized Israel, and toward Fatah, which is willing to restart the peace process. So far, the plan isn't working. With a free hand to govern as it pleases, Hamas is building popular support and military capability that may well outlast the international blockade.

Security is key to support for Hamas. Within a week of the takeover, crime, drug smuggling, tribal clashes and kidnappings had largely disappeared. According to human-rights groups, the ability of the Executive Force to achieve such a result is an indictment of the corruption and criminal collusion at the top of the Fatah-dominated security services that once controlled Gaza. "For the last year and a half, there has been an orchestrated escalation of chaos by some Banana Republic officers to show that Hamas does not have control of Gaza," said Raji Sourani, director of the Palestinian Center for Human Rights. "Gaza became like Somalia, Afghanistan and Iraq. Thugs and gangsters were ruling, and some were supported and protected by our own security forces."

There have been isolated cases of civil rights abuses by the Executive Force since the takeover. But Hamas hasn't set up Shari'a courts. Without any help from the regular police, prosecutors and judges--all of whom have been barred from returning to work by the Palestinian government--Hamas is slowly trying to train itself in the administration of Palestinian law. Mushtaha and his officers spend most of their time delivering subpoenas and telling the families of wanted men to turn the suspects in. In Gazan neighborhoods, everyone knows everyone else, and there's no place to hide: crooks certainly can't flee to Israel.

With peace on the streets, civil society is returning to Gaza. On Friday night in downtown Gaza City, the streets are clogged with motorcades taking newlyweds and their families to seaside banquet halls. Just one thing is missing: celebratory gunfire. Hamas has banned partying with firearms. But there has been no cultural crackdown since Hamas took over. Gaza has long been more religious and conservative than the rest of Palestinian society--alcohol disappeared from public view here long ago. But secular women who walk the streets of Gaza City without head scarves or veils say they were more likely to be harassed by criminals in the old Gaza than by religious conservatives today. Rumors that Hamas is ordering barbers not to shave beards are just that. I got mine shaved off by Hossein Hussuna, the barber of Hamas leader Ismail Haniya, who told me that most of Haniya's eight sons are clean shaven.

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1649291,00.html
--   

USA Black Sites For Torture - Secret Interrogation Program

Mitchell, Jessen & Associates, based in Spokane, Washington.
looking at the Convention Against Torture, basically, it seems, trying to figure a way around it.
---

Red Cross has concluded the CIA's detention and interrogation methods is tantamount to torture.
U.S. officials responsible
committed "grave breaches" of the Geneva Conventions,

violated the U.S. Torture Act.
the United States does not torture. It's against our laws, and it's against our values. I have not authorized it, and I will not authorize it.
one of the world's most respected and credible human rights organizations disagrees.

Red Cross has concluded the CIA's detention and interrogation methods tantamount to torture.

senior officials, including Alberto Gonzales,
be
en held accountable for the treatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib, but also elsewhere.

not “Do these techniques work?” but “Are these the only techniques that work?”

if you talk to the military and you talk to the FBI, is that there are many other ways to get more reliable information.

how the military developed its techniques
SERE methods, the Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape.

There's actually a document I draw on in this story that is about the SERE program,
sent to the General Counsel at the Pentagon,
break them down the same way

experts in the SERE technique worked in both places. They were psychologists and instructors in the SERE program who somehow were brought in.

I don't think we know the full story, really, about how they were brought in.


Mitchell, Jessen & Associates, based in Spokane, Washington
.
looking at the Convention Against Torture, basically, it seems, trying to figure a way around it.

one of the roles that these SERE psychologists played was a legal role. They were the experts who were consulted in order to argue that the program was not a program of torture.

next week, the weekend of the 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th of August, at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, the APA, the American Psychological Association, is having its annual meeting, and there promises to be fierce debate.

the American Psychiatric Association, American Medical Association, refusing to participate in these coerced interrogations.

psychologists have been kind of playing footsy much more with the military here.

key players in this actually are officials at the APA who have set the policy here.

foxes guarding the chicken house.

International Committee of the Red Cross.
interview them and hear their stories.

a scathing and explosive report that says that the United States was running a program that in the eyes of the Red Cross was potentially criminal and also a violation of the Convention Against Torture, the Geneva Conventions, and, you know, was tantamount to torture.

the President clearly knew.
waterboarding was always illegal before they okayed it.
+++

The Black Sites: A Rare Look Inside the C.I.A.’s Secret Interrogation Program
Wednesday, August 8th, 2007
http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/08/08/1338248

Jane Mayer of the New Yorker reports that the International Committee of the Red Cross has concluded the CIA's detention and interrogation methods is tantamount to torture.

Sources told Mayer that the confidential Red Cross report also warned that U.S. officials responsible for the abusive treatment at the secret prisons may have committed "grave breaches" of the Geneva Conventions, and may have violated the U.S. Torture Act. We talk to Mayer and Jameel Jaffer, director of the American Civil Liberties Union's National Security Program.

[includes rush transcript - partial]
Today, a rare look inside the CIA's secret interrogation program. After 9/11, the CIA began detaining terrorist suspects in so-called "black sites" - a secret network of prisons outside the United States - and subjecting them to unusually harsh and abusive treatment.

Last fall, President Bush acknowledged the CIA program for the first time and admitted that the agency was using "an alternative set of procedures" to question prisoners. Bush made the admission as he ordered 14 prisoners previously held by the CIA to be transferred to military custody at Guantanamo Bay. In his address, Bush talked specifically about the case of Abu Zubaydah, captured in Pakistan in 2002 and taken to Thailand for CIA interrogation.

While President Bush assured the public that the CIA's secret internment program was humane and legal, one of the world's most respected and credible human rights organizations disagrees.

In a major expose in the New Yorker, investigative reporter Jane Mayer reports that the International Committee of the Red Cross has concluded the CIA's detention and interrogation methods is tantamount to torture. Sources told Mayer that the confidential Red Cross report also warned that U.S. officials responsible for the abusive treatment may have committed "grave breaches" of the Geneva Conventions, and may have violated the U.S. Torture Act. The Red Cross issued the confidential report to the Bush administration last year but according to Mayer only a handful of people inside the administration have even seen the report. Detainees almost universally told the Red Cross that they made up stories to get the harsh interrogations to stop. Mayer also reveals new details about the CIA's interrogation of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the alleged mastermind of the Sept. 11 attacks.

Jane Mayer, investigative reporter for The New Yorker. Her latest article is "The Black Sites: A Rare Look Inside the C.I.A.'s Secret Interrogation Program."

Jameel Jaffer, Director of the American Civil Liberties Union's National Security Program. He has worked on filing Freedom of Information Act requests for records concerning the treatment and detention of prisoners held by the U.S. in Afghanistan, Iraq, and at Guantanamo Bay and is the author of an upcoming book about torture.

RUSH TRANSCRIPT

AMY GOODMAN: Today, a rare look inside the CIA's secret interrogation program. After 9/11, the CIA began detaining terrorist suspects in so-called "black sites," a secret network of prisons outside the United States, and subjecting them to unusually harsh and abusive treatment.

Last fall, President Bush acknowledged the CIA program for the first time and admitted the agency is using "an alternative set of procedures" to question prisoners. Bush made the admission as he ordered fourteen prisoners previously held by the CIA to be transferred to military custody at Guantanamo Bay. In his address, Bush talked specifically about the case of Abu Zubaydah, captured in Pakistan in 2002 and taken to Thailand for CIA interrogation.

PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH: We knew that Zubaydah had more information that could save innocent lives, but he stopped talking. As his questioning proceeded, it became clear that he had received training on how to resist interrogation. And so the CIA used an alternative set of procedures. These procedures were designed to be safe, to comply with our laws, our Constitution and our treaty obligations. The Department of Justice reviewed the authorized methods extensively and determined them to be lawful.

I cannot describe the specific methods used. I think you understand why. If I did, it would help the terrorists learn how to resist questioning and to keep information from us that we need to prevent new attacks on our country. But I can say the procedures were tough, and they were safe and lawful and necessary.

I want to be absolutely clear with our people and the world: the United States does not torture. It's against our laws, and it's against our values. I have not authorized it, and I will not authorize it.

AMY GOODMAN: While President Bush assured the public the CIA's secret internment program was humane and legal, one of the world's most respected and credible human rights organizations disagrees.

In a major expose in The New Yorker, investigative reporter Jane Mayer reports the International Committee of the Red Cross has concluded the CIA's detention and interrogation methods tantamount to torture. Sources told Mayer the confidential Red Cross report also warned US officials responsible for the abusive treatment may have committed "grave breaches" of the Geneva Conventions and may have violated the US Torture Act. The Red Cross issued the confidential report to the Bush administration last year, but according to Jane Mayer only a handful of people inside the administration have even seen the report. Detainees almost universally told the Red Cross they made up stories to get the harsh interrogations to stop. Mayer also reveals new details about the CIA's interrogation of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the alleged mastermind of the September 11 attacks.

Jane Mayer joins us on the phone right now from Maryland. Welcome to Democracy Now!

JANE MAYER: Thanks so much for having me.

AMY GOODMAN: Oh, it's good to have you with us. If you could speak up as loudly as you can, there's a lot of static on your phone.

JANE MAYER: Yeah, I’m so sorry about that.

AMY GOODMAN: By chance, do you have another line that we could call?

JANE MAYER: Yeah, let me just see if I can get a better line, because it’s really noisy. Hold on [inaudible].

AMY GOODMAN: OK, thank you very much. While we wait for Jane Mayer to come back to the phone, I want to turn to our other guest in studio here in New York. Jameel Jaffer is an attorney with the American Civil Liberties Union and director of the ACLU's National Security Program. He's worked on filing Freedom of Information Act requests for records concerning the treatment and detention of prisoners held by the US in Afghanistan, Iraq and Guantanamo Bay and is the author of an upcoming book about torture. It’s called Administration of Torture: A Documentary Record from Washington to Abu Ghraib and Beyond.

Alberto Gonzales has been on the hot seat around the US attorney firings, but you have talked a lot about Alberto Gonzales when it comes to torture. What is the significance? And do you think he should be forced to resign or be fired over this?

JAMEEL JAFFER: Well, it's actually, I think, a little frustrating that senior officials, including Alberto Gonzales, have not been held accountable for the treatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib, but also elsewhere. We now know that prisoners were abused in US custody all over the world -- Afghanistan, Iraq and at Guantanamo Bay. We know that they were abused because of policies that were adopted at the highest levels. Alberto Gonzales is one of the people who participated in constructing the policies that led to the abuse and, in many cases, the torture of prisoners, and yet neither Mr. Gonzales nor any of the other senior officials who were involved in creating those policies have been held to account. I think that, you know, actually, most of the senior officials who should have been held to account have been rewarded instead. They’ve been nominated and confirmed to higher posts. And that is an extremely disturbing and frustrating thing.

AMY GOODMAN: Jane Mayer, you actually begin your piece "The Black Sites" with a phone call that Alberto Gonzales made to Mariane Pearl, the widow of Danny Pearl, the Wall Street Journal reporter who was kidnapped and executed. Can you just lay out that scene?

JANE MAYER: Well, she was somewhat taken aback, because the Attorney General called her in, you know, [2007] -- I guess it was just this spring, in March, and said, you know, “Good news. We’ve got good news. And we’re just about to feed the wires and let them know the good news,” which was that they’ve gotten a confession in her husband's murder from Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who was in US custody. And what was weird to her was just that she had been called several years earlier with the same news from Condoleezza Rice, who had told her this secretly already. And so, she wondered, well, why are they putting it out now? I mean, why is what was a secret before public at this point? And she was, I think, somewhat worried about the possibility that it was just kind of being politically exploited in order to change the subject, because the Attorney General at that point was just getting embroiled in the US attorney scandal. So, I mean, it certainly did make a front page story in the New York Times and everywhere else.

AMY GOODMAN: In fact, as you write, someone else had already been convicted of the abduction and murder of her husband Daniel Pearl.

JANE MAYER: Oh, yeah. I mean, the circumstances surrounding that case are just such a mess, really, and it’s just a shame, because, I mean, Danny Pearl was a friend of mine and many other people who worked at the Wall Street Journal, and, you know, I think we all would like to see some kind of justice done in the case. And instead, you’ve got somebody in Pakistan who’s been convicted, who’s confessed to the murder at one point, then took back the confession. You’ve got a bunch of accomplices who have been handled in incredibly weirdly suspicious ways.

And then you’ve got this sudden confession from Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, where many people close to the case are, you know, dubious about whether or not it makes any sense that he committed that murder himself. But because of the extralegal process that the CIA has used in fighting the war on terror, it's very hard to know whether any of these confessions are reliable. When you use these kinds of coercive techniques, you get information, but you don’t necessarily get good information. And then, once you’ve abused people, it's very hard to put them back inside the regular justice system. So any defense lawyer defending Khalid Sheikh Mohammed is going to say, “Well, everything he said was said under torture, and you can't believe any of it, and his rights have been violated so you should, you know, free him.” Now, I mean, what happens then is we’ve got the prospect at this point that the upper echelon of al-Qaeda, who are in our custody, the ones that we've got, may not be prosecutable because of the kinds of techniques we’ve used to get information out of them. So it really is a growing mess.

AMY GOODMAN: We're going to go to break. When we come back, I want you to take us on that journey of when Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was picked up and what happened to him. We're speaking with investigative reporter Jane Mayer, has an explosive piece in this issue of The New Yorker magazine. It's called “The Black Sites." We're also talking to Jameel Jaffer, who is just coming out with a new book called Administration of Torture. Stay with us.

[break]

AMY GOODMAN: We're talking about "The Black Sites: A Rare Look Inside the CIA's Secret Interrogation Program." That's the title of Jane Mayer’s latest investigative piece in The New Yorker magazine, beginning with the Alberto Gonzales phone call to Mariane Pearl about Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. But let's take it from there. How was he picked up? Tell us the story of his detention, Jane.

JANE MAYER: The Pakistanis actually were the people who went in first and grabbed him. The Americans sort of hold back in these situations in order not to create a local backlash in the community. He was found because the US handed out a lot of cash, and somebody turned him in, which is sort of a more traditional method than -- it’s nothing new in the war on terror. And anyway, soon after, he was taken into US custody, and he went through a couple different prisons. And it appears, according to the Red Cross report, that he was taken to Afghanistan, where there have been a number of secret US prisons.

And there, he told people, he was stripped naked, he was interrogated, particularly by females, which may have been sort of a part of his humiliation routine. He was hung by the ceiling from his arms in such a way that his toes just barely touched the ground, so that if he fell asleep it would be very painful. This was part of the sleep deprivation process, which kind of breaks down people’s resistance. He said he was put on some kind of dog leash and propelled into the walls, so that he could be sort of smashed into them. What else? He said he was deprived of food and waterboarded five times.

The waterboarding took place in Poland, it appears, where he was taken to a particularly high-tech kind of prison that it has been designated specifically for very high-valued detainees, and only about a dozen US prisoners have been held there, apparently, according to various reports, both the Red Cross and there's one that the Council of Europe from the European Parliament did. There, he was subjected to a kind of a weird routine that someone described to me as kind of Clockwork Orange sort of thing, where he was put in goggles that blacked out the light and earmuffs of some sort that blocked out sound and deprived of any normal routine, such as meals or anything that would allow him to know what time of day it was or really have any kind of marker in his existence. And it's a program that's developed of sort of psychological terror, in a way, to kind of make people feel that they are completely dependent on other people, have no control over their lives, and it's something that -- the technique -- that really comes out of the KGB days, way back in the Cold War. And apparently it's something the CIA has put a lot of research into over time.

Anyway, at that point, somewhere along the way, he did talk a lot, and he was waterboarded, he said, five times. Waterboarding is a technique where people are partially drowned. They feel like they’re going to drown, and they can't breathe. And it's described to me by a former CIA agent in this piece as terrifying, but not something that's life-threatening. They have a doctor standing by when they do it. And it's, you know, designed to make people feel that if they don't speak, they will drown. And he was also told, interestingly --

AMY GOODMAN: A medical doctor?

JANE MAYER: What's that?

AMY GOODMAN: A medical doctor?

JANE MAYER: A medical doctor, which I think is something that I would love to know more about. What kind of medical doctor would be standing by in a situation like that? Waterboarding has been, until the Bush administration, considered completely criminal. People have been court-martialed for it in earlier wars, including in the Vietnam War. So the rules and interpretation of what’s criminal changed after 9/11, and the Bush administration authorized it as one of the safe and legal techniques. And that’s what the CIA thought at the time that they were doing this.

They also -- they told KSM, as he's called in law enforcement circles, that “We're not going to kill you, but we're going to take you to the brink of your death and back.” And that is an interesting thing to say, because a threat of torture under international law is just as illegal as torture is; death threats are illegal, as well. But, again, this is a -- they're operating in a grey area, where the rules are unclear.

And anyway, you know, what the people at the CIA claim is that it worked. They got information out of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed that was incredibly valuable and led to the capture of Hambali in Indonesia, who was the terrorist behind the bombings of discotechs there, and also led to an al-Qaeda figure who was very important in Britain. So, you know, there are proponents of this inside the agency and obviously inside the White House.

AMY GOODMAN: Yet you raise serious questions, Jane Mayer, that others raise about the reliability of his claiming credit for, I don’t know, how many terrorist attacks, precisely, because of the kind of breaking down, the torture that he went through.

JANE MAYER: Yeah. It may be because of the breaking down that he went through that he confessed to thirty-one major terrorist plots that he said he was involved in. It may also just be that, you know, he's a tremendous boaster, and he wants to build himself up to be a super-terrorist and a martyr and an historic figure. And so, it could just be partly that, as well. And also, he may realize that the credibility of the whole process is made into something of a joke when you start confessing to having, you know, tried to assassinate a variety of presidents, from Jimmy Carter to Bill Clinton. So, you know, it's just that the whole process is so kind of outside the bounds of normal fact-finding that it becomes very hard for people to differentiate what is real and what's not real.

One of the findings that, in this story, that really stunned me was that a top CIA official, who I can’t name, but somebody who really knows a lot about this program, said to me that 90% of what they got from every kind of technique they used was bogus. So 10% of what they got was accurate. And they are arguing that that 10% certainly made it worthwhile, and they think it saved people's lives.

But I think the question, finally, that I have and that I think that Philip Zelikow asks in this story, who was the legal counselor to Condi Rice, I think is the question that the country should be asking maybe, is not “Do these techniques work?” but “Are these the only techniques that work?” And the answer, if you talk to the military and you talk to the FBI, is that there are many other ways to get more reliable information. So we may not need to go to these lengths. And I think it's certainly something that I’d like to see some public debate on.

AMY GOODMAN: Jameel Jaffer, you talk about the difference between CIA detention, or the similarity, and the Pentagon detention and treatment of prisoners?

JAMEEL JAFFER: Right. I mean, I think that -- well, first, I think Jane has done an amazing job in this article of discovering more about what took place in the CIA’s detention facilities. And that's something that has been secret for far too long now.

But one of the things that struck me in reading the article is the numerous similarities between what happened in CIA custody and what happened in military custody. And if you look at how the military developed its techniques, its techniques that led to the abuse of prisoners at Guantanamo, for example, they were developed in exactly the same way: by reverse-engineering, these SERE methods, the Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape. These are methods that the military used ultimately against prisoners in its custody, and they are apparently the same methods that the CIA used against prisoners in its custody.

AMY GOODMAN: Explain reverse-engineering.

JAMEEL JAFFER: Well, so these are techniques that were initially developed by the military and the CIA to train personnel, US personnel, who might end up in the custody of foreign governments and foreign powers that don't abide by the Geneva Conventions. And so, it was a way of training people to resist those methods. After 9/11, what happened is that the US government -- Attorney General Gonzales, as we were mentioning earlier, was involved in this, as well -- reverse-engineered. So it’s flipped around those methods for use, not as training in resistance for US personnel, but rather for use as interrogation methods against prisoners in US custody. And those methods were kind of exaggerated, applied in many different combinations and generally turned into defensive mechanism -- turned from defensive mechanisms into mechanisms that can be used affirmatively, aggressively against prisoners.

JANE MAYER: There's actually a document I draw on in this story that is about the SERE program, and it is from somebody in the Air Force, and it’s being sent to the General Counsel at the Pentagon, to William Haynes. And it describes what SERE techniques can be used to break down US-held prisoners. It basically says, in so many words, you know, “This is how they break us down, so why don't we break them down the same way?” and describes things like how to use stripping people and, you know, taking -- literally how to rip their clothes off them along the seams and the buttons so that you do it in a safe way, and various other techniques like that.

I mean, the reason that you see the same techniques, I think, in both the CIA and the military is that the same experts in the SERE technique worked in both places. They were psychologists and instructors in the SERE program who somehow were brought in.

And I don't think we know the full story, really, about how they were brought in. But they were brought in to advise both the military and the CIA on their interrogation protocols.

AMY GOODMAN: Can you explain more about this -- and you talk about this particularly with Abu Zubaydah -- but who these psychologists are?

JANE MAYER: Well, one of them is a man named James Mitchell. Another is somebody named Bruce Jessen. There are other names that have been bandied about, but I don't feel comfortable mentioning them, but they were people who had, again, advised on SERE techniques. And so, they knew a lot about the psychological steps people go through when they're being tortured, and they knew that -- you know, their expertise was in resistance, how to resist torture. And so, they -- what happened was they wound up being asked, well, “How do we get these hardened al-Qaeda figures to stop resisting?” They believed in -- or talked, at least, a lot about a program called “learned helplessness,” which is a psychological theory that springs out of experiments done on animals, particularly on dogs, where they were subjected to so many electric shocks in so many kind of random ways that at a certain point the dogs just gave up trying to escape from a pen, even though the entrance was open. And they talked about sort of -- these psychologists talked about how you need to break resistance in the al-Qaeda figures, at least this is according to people I’ve interviewed. The psychologist, I should say, James Mitchell has denied that he was trying to apply learned helplessness to the al-Qaeda figures, but others who were in the room with him describe him talking about it incessantly, trying to break them down to a point where they stop trying to resist.

AMY GOODMAN: Mitchell, Jessen & Associates, based in Spokane, Washington. Jane, can you talk about the use of psychologists being considered a way by the CIA to skirt the Convention Against Torture, among other international treaties?

JANE MAYER: Right. Well, if you take a look at the so-called torture memos, the forty pages or so of memos that were written by Jay Bybee and John Yoo way back right after 9/11, and you take a look at how they -- they're busy looking at the Convention Against Torture, basically, it seems, trying to figure a way around it. One of the things they argued, these lawyers from the Justice Department, is that if you don't intend to torture someone, if your intention is not just to inflict terrible pain on them but to get information, then you really can't be necessarily convicted of torture.

So how do you prove that your intent is pure? Well, one of the things they suggest is if you consult with experts who will say that what you're doing is just interrogation, then that might also be a good legal defense. And so, one of the roles that these SERE psychologists played was a legal role. They were the experts who were consulted in order to argue that the program was not a program of torture. They are to say, “We've got PhDs, and this is standard psychology, and this is a legitimate way to question people.”

AMY GOODMAN: You said there has to be debate, and next week, the weekend of the 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th of August, at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, the APA, the American Psychological Association, is having its annual meeting, and there promises to be fierce debate. They’re actually going to have a track of debates with military psychologists and other psychologists around the issue of torture. There’s going to be a major protest on Friday night outside, I believe, the Moscone Center of psychologists protesting the American Psychological Association not taking a stand similar to the American Psychiatric Association, American Medical Association, refusing to participate in these coerced interrogations.

JANE MAYER: You know, psychologists have been kind of playing footsy much more with the military here. And it’s interesting, James Mitchell, who is the psychologist we’ve been talking about, is not a member of the APA, though. He was at one point, I gather, and is no longer, so he's not in a position where he could be sanctioned in some way for what he did.

AMY GOODMAN: I guess the question is how many other psychologists are involved in this, and you yourself, wrote about reverse-engineering at Guantanamo and talked about “biscuit” [BSCT] psychologists.

JANE MAYER: Right. And some of the psychologists who were key players in this actually are officials at the APA who have set the policy here. So there's a bit of a sort of a sense of the foxes guarding the chicken house.

AMY GOODMAN: Jane Mayer, you talk about this explosive but internal top-secret report of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Can you talk about, as much as you can, how you got a hold of it? But --

JANE MAYER: Well, I didn’t. I wish I could say I did get a hold of it, but I did not. It is a very, very closely held report. The CIA has resisted allowing any outsiders to come in and see what they do in these black prison sites or to interview any of their detainees for five years. And finally, when they transferred the detainees to Guantanamo last fall, the ICRC, the Red Cross, as we call it here, got access to the fourteen that they transferred and was able to interview them and hear their stories. And I would love to have read the report. I can’t say that I did. All I was able to do was to finally piece together bits from that report by talking to people who have seen it.

And it's apparently a scathing and explosive report that says that the United States was running a program that in the eyes of the Red Cross was potentially criminal and also a violation of the Convention Against Torture, the Geneva Conventions, and, you know, was tantamount to torture.

So, another thing that's interesting about what’s in the report is that the details given by the detainees apparently are very, very similar. They kind of describe almost a kind of a routine that each of them went through. Yet they haven't been able to speak to each other. So at a certain point, I guess, it becomes -- even though they are allegations that are unproven by terrorists, it becomes more credible to the Red Cross, when they all tell the same story and they haven’t had a chance to speak to one another.

AMY GOODMAN: While you didn’t get to see the report, who did? Who do you understand -- how high up did this go in the White House?

JANE MAYER: Oh, it’s really -- the program -- well, certainly the program has been authorized by the President. The program, it's very unlike Abu Ghraib, where you might be able to argue that that was kind of the antics of unsupervised soldiers. The CIA’s program is the opposite. It is supervised and authorized from the very top of our government.

And who saw this report? The Director of the CIA, the General Counsel of the CIA, the Secretary of State, her lawyer John Bellinger, and some people over at the NSC and then some people on the Senate and House Intelligence Committees, the Oversight Committees. But they are not allowed to speak about it. They’re not even allowed to speak about whether the report exists, in fact.

AMY GOODMAN: So you're saying the President clearly knew. What do you make of his statements, “We do not engage in torture”? Or what do you make of the Presidential Scholars, the high school kids, who went to the White House, met with President Bush, handed him a handwritten note signed by more than a third of them, more than fifty of them, saying not to participate in extraordinary rendition, not to participate in torture -- he looked up at them and said, “We do not torture”?

JANE MAYER: Well, I think he believes that. I mean, it's a matter of definitions here. You know, and the way that his administration defines “torture,” he's arguing that this doesn't meet that standard. Now, it happens that one of the most conservative and credible organizations on human rights in the world, the Red Cross, disagrees with him. But the lawyers in his administration have told him that what they're doing is legal. In some ways, I think you’ve got to fault the lawyers for not telling him such things as that waterboarding was always illegal before they okayed it.

And, you know, it's very hard to know really what level of knowledge he has. I mean, you certainly read in Ron Suskind's book, for instance, that he was following these interrogations closely and asking daily, you know, “What have we got? What are we getting from these guys?” He was saying, according to -- I think it was in Suskind’s book -- that Abu Zubaydah, when he learned that he was put on painkiller, he sort of scoffed and said, you know, “Why did they do that?” And this was after Abu Zubaydah had been shot in the groin and other places.

And, you know, it's hard, I have to say -- I’d like to be really careful. The New Yorker is a very careful news organization, and we try to stick with the facts. And I really do not know exactly what the President knew in this and how closely he was following it. And, you know, again, it's why I really think it would be great for the country if there was a little more transparency in all this and a little more debate.

AMY GOODMAN: Well, Jane Mayer, I want to thank you very much for being with us. Her piece this week in The New Yorker magazine is “The Black Sites: A Rare Look Inside the CIA's Secret Interrogation Program.” When we come back, we'll continue with Jameel Jaffer, and then we go to clips of the Democratic presidential debate last night in Chicago before a union audience, before the AFL-CIO. Stay with us.


Labels: Torture, Interrogation, Red Cross, Geneva Conventions, Torture Act Of USA, War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity, Psychologists
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Friday, August 3, 2007

[BWN] Drought Expanding Across USA

Drought Expanding Across U.S.


picture-6.png


Hot Temperatures Predicted Could Further Worsen Conditions
http://www.thedailygreen.com/2007/08/02/drought-expanding-across-us/4703/

The latest U.S. Drought Monitor Report, released this morning, shows no relief to the many drought-plagued areas of the United States.

The Southeast, a record drought is unyielding. Even areas that received record rains in July saw little relief because the drought had been so intense. Mississippi had the wettest July on record, but the past six months are still the driest on record. Alabama — ground zero for the drought — saw an expansion of the most intense drought into new areas. North Carolina’s drought also expanded, and near-record low stream flows were recorded.

Hot and dry conditions across the west led to the continuation or worsening of conditions, as water supplies and crops suffer. Pocatello, Idaho recorded its warmest July on record, and records stretch back to 1939.

The high plains experienced temperatures 6-8 degrees above normal, with enough rain in parts of Nebraska and Kansas to reduce some drought conditions, but so little elsewhere that conditions worsened. Parts of South Dakota, northwest Iowa, and southwest Minnesota saw less than a quarter of an inch of rain all month — setting new records for July. Hawarden, Iowa had no rain at all, and Cetnerville, South Dakota had only a sprinkle. Conditions for crops and cattle, and the farmers who tend them, are worsening.

The dry swath extends to the Midwest, where Minnesota has been half of normal. The drought in the region is less intense than elsewhere, but dry conditions are expanding in Wisconsin, Missouri and Illinois, while some relief came to parts of Ohio and Kentucky.

In the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast, rains were not enough to alleviate drought conditions where they existed, and dryness expanded in Maryland, Virginia, Delaware, New Jersey, West Virginia and New York.

Your Photos
Photos of drought across the US submitted by The Daily Green community to the Weird Weather Watch photoblog

Lake Okeechobee
River Runs Dry
California Drought
Drought at Lake Mead

To submit your own Weird Weather go here

[BWN] Kucinich the Runaway Leader on the Issues - Take the survey

Survey of Public Attitudes Makes Kucinich the Runaway Leader on the Issues


http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/news_press_release,152947.shtml

CLEVELAND, Aug. 3 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- In the political equivalent of a "blind taste test" taken by more than 67,000 participants, an independent website surveying public attitudes on various issues is reporting that Ohio Congressman and Democratic Presidential candidate Dennis Kucinich is the first choice of a phenomenal 53% of respondents.

No other candidate, Democrat or Republican, even reaches double digits.

The website: http://www.dehp.net/candidate/ has been asking respondents to express and rank their opinions on 25 different issues -- the war in Iraq, health care, the environment, Patriot Act, etc. -- that have been raised and debated among the Presidential candidates in both parties. Those surveyed vote only on the issues, not for or against any individual candidate. The 67,000-plus responses were then correlated with the positions of all of the candidates as reported on http://www.2decide.com/. The results are here: http://www.dehp.net/candidate/stats.php.

As of this morning (the survey is recalculated every five minutes), more than 35,600 respondents were "in sync" with Kucinich on the issues. Democratic front-runner Senator Hillary Clinton was the first-place choice of only about 2,400 respondents (3.6%). Other leading candidates fared even worse: Senator Barack Obama (3%), and former Senator John Edwards (1.3%).

"When people vote exclusively on the issues that are important to them, without being influenced by name recognition, celebrity, or millions of dollars in advertising, Congressman Kucinich wins in a landslide," his campaign said today.

Kucinich for President



The people above are ranked based on how often they are computed to be one of the top three choices for users who submit their political choices. A log entry is made each time a user submits their choices. This log entry contains, among other things, the top three choices for that user. What you see above is a tally of all the choices, weighted by their position for each user. We'll call that the number of Hot Pockets they have earned. The first-place candidate gets 3 Hot Pockets, the second-place candidate gets 2, and the third-place candidate gets 1 Hot Pocket (which everyone knows is just not enough). This method gives you a more fair representation of the interests of the users.

You would probably be interested to know that Kucinich has been the first choice of 36571 people (out of 68789). That wasn't my intention or expectation when making this site, but it is certainly interesting.




Without any weighting, the above graph plots only the number of times a candidate was ranked first.




Above you get to see what the other people chose on the various issues. This should shed some light on the order of the candidates in the graph above it. These numbers use the weights that users selected when they submitted their data.

[See all of the stats from the link above.]



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